Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist Essay

Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist Keisha Marselis SLS 1105-65 Strategies for Success March 20, 2010 Becoming a Medical Billing Specialist I love working with people and on computers. So I looked for a career where I can do both. Deciding to become a Medical Billing Specialist was the perfect choice for me. When I first entered into the medical field, I became a CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant). I love doing my job because I was able to help others in need. As time passed I knew I wanted to do more but I just didn’t know what that was. Then one day I went to the doctor’s office with a patient for a routine checkup and I started talking to one of the medical assistants. She asked me if I liked my job. I told her that I love what I did but I wanted something more. I also mentioned that I had went to school for basic computer training before I went to school for CNA. Then she said that I should think about going to school for Medical Billing and Coding. When I started looking into the field, I was astonished. I would be able to do the two things I love, working with people and on computers. I discover that a person interested in medical billing and coding should have excellent knowledge of the field, is willing to help those in need and have flexibility to obtain additional training for job advancement. â€Å"Medical coding is a key step in the medical billing process. Every time a patient receives professional health care in a physician’s office, hospital outpatient facility or ambulatory surgical center(ASC), the provider must code and create a claim to be paid, whether by a commercial payer, the patient or CMS(The Centers for Medicare & Medicare Services)† (American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC), 2010). A medical coder’s main job is to look over patient’s records and other information to code and classify a patient’s diagnosis or procedure. Then they must assign and input the correct diagnostic code to establish the amount of money a provider receives from the insurer. Coders are also responsible for making sure codes meet all federal, legal and insurance regulations. Jeffress (2003-2010) specifies that â€Å"the healthcare industry depends on skilled medical billing and coding specialists to accurately record and register patient information, verify their insurance policies, and keep track of patient accounts†. When a patient comes in to the doctor’s office, you are the first and last person they come in contact with. So it is important that you get all of the patient’s information to properly start off their file. You also have to make sure the patient has their proper health insurance and understand what their responsibilities are for co-payment, if needed. They would have to fill out different documentation about them and their family medical history. It is also important to help them understand how to fill out these forms so that everything can be properly documented in their file. When the patient sees the doctor, he/she will have a somewhat understanding of why the patient is visiting. While the patient is seeing a doctor, the doctor may tell them a few things that they might not understand. So the patient might come and ask you questions pertaining to what the doctor just told them. By being trained in the field you learn about medical terminology. This is when you breakdown what was told to them. You would be able to explain to them the medical diagnosis or procedure the doctor has told them about. Help them understand what the doctor wants them to do.

Conclusion Families Essay

Families are viewed differently by various people in the world. Some individuals have cherished this institution. And others have not. Origins of the family article try as much to discuss what a family is and its origins. The traffic in women is an article that describes who is a woman and for many centuries what treatment women have gone through socially and mentally. This paper will give a detailed account of each of the article and lastly it will compare and contrast the contents of the two articles. Origins of the family Different views are expressed about a family around the world whereby it has been discovered that people share common backgrounds even though extremely far apart. The most primitive people in the world including the original American Indians have their way to describe what a family is. The American Indians were the first group that was studied so that an overview or a general idea about a family was created even though the studies have been extended to many other regions around the world, there where many other observations that were carried out or taken into consideration. One of the main issues that passively describe a family is the system of name calling or relations in the extended family. For instance, cousins never called each other cousins but brothers and sisters. Young people who grow in that setting have no questions to ask but the join the system and that kind of trend has been very natural with and for them. This kind of phenomenon was first noticed in the New York state among the few remaining Indian American tribe Iroquois by name and the Seneca tribesmen and women adopted it. Wonders did not cease there, some indigenous tribes in India where also practicing the same. This kind of naming and relating is known as consanguinity. Families are not only found to exist in man but animals and birds as well. This is the reason why animals are found in herds or groups. Animals exhibit a unique behavior that exhibited by man or birds. For instance during the mating period of these animals is the most tempting moments that may destroy or temporarily relinquish the family relations. The males fight to retain supremacy over one another and during this period it is rare to notice animals walking or doing things in a group as usual. This behavior has been related to the living animals that are close to human i. e. primates which now have human like characteristics. Apes also fight while mating whereby males seriously engage in fights to gain and maintain supremacy over the others; this is the time group work or family relating ties temporarily wane. What does this tell us about human family? The human family is different from any kind of animals or birds or primates because members of a family do anything out of reasoning and nothing else. But it is the great quest for knowledge that leads to many discoveries. For example birds practice monogamy form of families and while observing them these birds fly in pairs. People also practice monogamy but some practice polyandry and polygamy. Polyandry is a practice where a woman is married to many husbands and it is not done secretly but it is well known and polygamy is when a man is having many women, it is not a secret. This switches the topic to sexuality and family. Sex life is a must do thing to sustain and ensure continuity of any family lineages. All peoples in the world this fact and even the most primitive people know that for the continuity of the family system sex has to be practiced. Nevertheless, it is interesting that many of these people in the world where research has been conducted, they in a way respected the institution of marriage and more so sex whereby they never treated women as commodities of sex even though polygamy was practiced. They had special times of the month or year when they practiced sex and theirs was not for pleasure but procreation. People like the Savages were believed to be very harsh and took women as tools for and of sexual intercourse to give birth to as many children as possible but this was not the case. Marriage was a respected institution where a man and a woman possessed one another. There was no jealousy and instances of men sharing women and women sharing men unless otherwise in some primitive communities where some sexual related activities occurred. Like in some communities it was a taboo to engage in sex with someone outside with members who were perceived to enemies and it could be rather better with a close family member that that perceived enemy. However in some communities it was not a taboo for brothers and sisters to have sexual intercourse. In some communities or family groups of the ancient Greece, sexual intercourse was not prohibited among brothers and sisters because this was one an assured way of multiplying quickly and another reason was not to endanger the security of fellow countrymen by marrying from outside but with time this practice came to a halt. One interesting trend of families that have been found in t world is where men marry many wives and naturally if a visitor comes by and he takes a night in that homestead, the visitor will be offered one of the wives to entertain for the long he will stay around no matter the visitor is known or not known to the family and this means even any strangers enjoyed that right. In a research that was conducted in Australia, there is a sub-tribe that practices a peculiar tradition that all women in another sub tribe known to them are naturally wives to men in their tribe and it does not matter whether you have married one woman from that sub tribe but all the others by default they are wives. Sex among sub tribe members is strictly forbidden. The trend of a man being entertained sexually far away while sojourning is or was a practice by the aborigines in Australia. In the world today the family trends are still intriguing for example some indigenous tribes are taking deliberate measures to sustain or maintain their people who are being swallowed up by wider communities especially the settlers until they resort to conducting marriages among themselves that are among sisters and brothers. It is not their fault because since time immemorial the practices took place even in ancient Biblical times. Through a man God trusted in the town called Sodom and Gomorrah that was Lot, slept with her daughters after their mum had perished in the inferno and their was no righteous man who could have married them by then. Regardless it was their father they managed to bore children and the family of the generation continuity was established. Who know these things may be going on without the knowledge of other people or the family members themselves. More other family customs are like the ones that are yet conducted by people all over the world, for instance, the American Indians of California have had festivals where tribes come together purposely for a promiscuous sexual intercourse. This kind of tradition is also in and practiced in Australia. In Australia some older men and magicians exploit wives in their community and monopolize many of the women for themselves. These kinds of practices have been witnessed in Hos, Santals, etc of India and others in many parts of Africa. In many other places like the continent of South America, some communities in India, young girls enjoy sex until the get married. Families have gone through many different stages as the issue of polygamy is a hot debate whether it should be allowed or not. Some have preferred a simple family that is monogamy. Many practices of sex are not the things that should be taken for granted as diseases are popping up that are incurable and therefore families must be protected through all means. For instance many have accepted monogamy because this is the only form of or type family that better ideals are practiced. For instance there is an assurance of save sex and true expression of love among family members more especially husband and wife. Traffic in Women Traffic in women starts with the origins of women oppression and social discrimination and the discussion of this will light to the trend of fighting for the rights of women. Further excavation of the truth may measure whether the fight for equality will bear fruit from men and among women because for a long time women have been perceived as their own enemies. After doing a round of history on women and the cause of their discrimination and yet the have comparatively done excellent work in family circles from raising children and working tirelessly to sustain their families. One main issue is the analysis of the cause of this oppression or discrimination against women, and then it will be easier to change and achieve a society of equality. There have been situations where men were degraded like the slavery debacle, this affected women even ten times more than men. They suffered double tragedy as sex slaves and plantation slaves. They suffered physically, socially and emotionally. Marxist theory argues that women are not suffering as they work, they are as a reserve force for labor and their low wages is a way capitalists get surplus. But the Marxist theory only handles matters pertaining to labor which truly is not oppression. Marxist theory is the best way to describe the usefulness of women in societies around the world, so an analysis of suffering women using Marxist theory is very wrong. Maybe his (Marx) statement was or is misinterpreted to portray a tendency that women are suffering when they earning whichever meager resources to sustain their families. Unfortunately there are societies who use this excuse to oppress women. Examples have been given that some societies portray women as sex objects and nothing else. The Amazon region and New Guinea highlands are the examples in the world where women are simply known as sex objects and they are gang raped by marauding men. On the other hand, the origin of the tendency that women are home keepers is not known but is assumed that when Marxist theory came into use men were really wanted to work, the hard labor that required the enduring energy at home hence many a times women were left at home to take care of the families. The interpretation came to be precisely referred to as historical and moral element that it is a necessity for any worker to be married or have wife. The tendency of women kept at home for child rearing and general home keeping gave birth to a belief that women can not inherit property, serve God and lead. Capitalism bred this clear cut difference of masculinity and femininity. Some quarters up to date believe that sex oppression is part of capitalism as a social form. Due to social activities and the changes that come with it, human sex and gender have also as well changed over time. Women are expected to reproduce but it wise to differentiate between economic systems and sexual systems to avoid a scenario where women are assumed to be for only reproduction and nothing else. Great changes have been noticed in many societies where women have been opportunities to lead in various activities that have been traditionally meant for men. Therefore, it is consequently wrong to use capitalism to assume that women are meant to sexually reproduce and not economically reproduce. All in all kinship plays an extremely important role in any society and therefore kinship will place us and social researchers in a point where every will understand social obligations that are directly associated with men, women and then both of them. Kinship as many anthropologists may say and believe is system of categories and statuses which contradict the actual genetic relationships. A good precedent is where women or a woman is married to another woman and the marrying takes the responsibilities of a husband by paying dowry and bringing up the children. This practice is rife in many societies almost in very continent. Thus, it is not wrong to quip that kinship defines all social activities in a given society, be it economical, sexual or social activities. Kinship enjoys the status and statutes of the principle of anthropology but there are many underlying things that should be looked into and some of which are controversial like close family intermarriages, for example a cousin marrying a cousin. But it should be born in mind that kinship systems differ from one another in culture which includes taboos and marriage. In all endeavors of kinship, marriage is one of the issues that seem to be treated with respect even though there are those primitive societies and not all of the that still use the excuse of kinship to undermine family values. These societies that treat marriage as special they call it a gift and this a very positive sign in a way that nobody will be foolish enough to destroy the gift that has been bestowed upon him. Now, this is the most important part of kinship or the positive role that kinship plays in a society. Through the exchange of the gift family ties get stronger, solidarity and trust is established, in this case the women given away in marriage is more a gift than a man. Interestingly some people have claimed that this is a commercial venture because dowry exchanges hands. The result of a gift in form of a woman is more profound and appreciated than other gift transactions because the relationship that is established is not just one of reciprocity but one of kinship. And this is a strong message of a society to other people who mistaken women to be sex slaves and child bearing machines. The exchange of partners also establishes their descendants related by blood. Two people may exchange gifts and quarrel or fight but in for intermarriage connects them in a permanent way. In some communities or societies gifts giving through marriage are not as simple as it may sound. For some people the exchange of gifts in form of women sound commercial and they term it as a transaction of giving and taking making a woman who is given away as a conduit of relationships but which is true. In such occasions, oppression of women is not expected and the rate of exploitation is minimal. The term traffic in women can be clearly defined at this point. Very apart from the normal and culturally accepted gift in form of a woman, some societies give women away for just the exchange of favors during famine, war and even some are sent away as a tribute. Then complexities start arising at this point because women are treated like commodities just given at will and at a price. In history this has happened and it differs from one cultural group or culture to another. At this very point some anthropologists argue that the issue of women trafficking came with the advent of culture meaning that culture explosion let to the exchanging and or trafficking of women. To a wider extent this was and is not true. The exchange of women in some societies it is intended for the well being of the community and for proper procreation. However some communities or greedy individuals capitalize in the venture to traffic women for economical or material gain. These women end up being mistreated and are used as sex tools to enrich the buyers or traffickers. There must be a clear cut distinction between those ones given as gifts in marriage and those other ones given away or trafficked to enrich unscrupulous individuals. That is why somewhere in this paper it is noted that some people envy the occasion when women are given as gifts and they feel it should be a commercial venture instead. But the genuine exchange of women in marriage is regarded as a fundamental principle of kinship. This ends up in an organized relationship of gender and sex. However, it does not oppress the women or degrade them. The analysis of a social system that touches sensitive issues like sex and gender generates very hot debates and this is the time when differing opinion are heard and some are very sentimental in nature. This is the time when kinship and its principles are put into temptations and negative scrutiny. Comparisons of the two topics The main objective of this paper as it was clearly stated in the introduction part of it was to compare and contrast the two issues or items i. e. the origins of the family and the traffic in women. It is of the essence to first have elaborated points in each item so that a few things are mentioned or the comparisons are done in form of a summary under this topic. First and foremost, the items have elaborated about family while the item ‘origins of family‘ concentrates on the family relationships and the close knit ties and cousins do not regard and call each other cousins but brothers. This piece of item has also highlighted the important role women play is society and the many dangers and challenges the face in their daily operations and life. The other item ‘traffic in women’ elaborates more on the treatment of family members especially women. It has highlighted the same occurrences in women of many societies around the world. This item on its part has elaborated on the trafficking of women for commercial reasons hence a disgrace to the society but in the way round, there is a good show on the value of women as they are exchanged as gifts in marriage which portray the importance of women in the society. But the item continues to analyze the repercussions of the exchanging a woman as a gift and the repercussion is some people in society have extended this to trafficking women for their personal gain. In both pieces of items the comparisons and contrasts do not adventure outside the family circles even though they both talk about communities or societies around the world. They have featured and analyzed about the indigenous societies or communities among them the native red Indians in the United States, the aborigines in Australia, some primitive tribes in New Guinea and many others. Women are given more attention by both items because of the mistreatment they faced and they are facing so that this studies that were and are conducted will offer solutions to the many demeaning or dignifying problems women face. Last but not least, sex is discussed by both stories but the first story which deals with the origins of a family deeply discusses sex which is viewed as evil and the way women have been misused, while the story or item two that deals with traffic in women depicts how women have been sold for sex purposes and it is becoming a culture. The main theme of the two pieces of stories is family values which encompasses many other sub themes that are clearly depicted here. Some of the sub themes are sex, family ties, kinship or family relationships and women responsibilities. Conclusion Families have been raised and nurtured for as many years as the age of the universe and societies have done their part in raising and teaching families their values but of all that women have played a very extremely important role. Women are the cornerstones of families and through these two items this has been strongly confirmed. Therefore the statement that they are cornerstones of families must not be controversial. However, it is sad that those women have been abused and degraded by in and by all means in our society. Society means the world in this case.

The British Architects Of The 20th Century - 1850 Words

INTRODUCTION Born on September 8, 1914, Sir Denys Louis Lasdun is considered among the most distinguished British architects of the 20th century. He is credited with having contributed to London’s urban landscape. Among the works for which he is best known are the Royal National Theatre at London’s South Banks of the Thames, the European Investment Bank in Luxembourg, the Royal College of Physicians in Regent s Park and the University of East Anglia. The others of Lasdun’s buildings were a building at 32 Newton Road, Paddington, Hallfield Primary School, Usk Street Housing, Keeling House and the Sports Centre at the University of Liverpool. Considering how eminent these landmark buildings are in London’s landscape, it is apparent that Lasdun was a much-sough architect, especially by the British government as well as the local authorities. 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Anti Semitism During World War I - 1024 Words

Throughout the history of political parties and factions, none has been so infamous as that of the Nazi party. They were the world’s enemies for a decade in the early twentieth century, and still continue to stir up controversy throughout the world. Understanding what the Nazis believed in, how anti semitism contributed to Nazi beliefs, and if Nazis still exist today helps to conclude why they did certain actions. After World War I occurred, many Germans were still upset. Germany was burdened with many war reparations that they couldn’t pay. Many of these upset Germans helped to form the Nazi party- or the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (â€Å"Nazi†). They called for strong militarism, nationalism, and wanted to expand Germany’s†¦show more content†¦They also said that they would collect all war and industry profits and could control all trusts. They also planned to expand welfare. They stated that Nazis should want to die for their beliefs, or for the platform to even take place. Nazis were very determined to rise to power, and to discriminate against Jews (Ley). Nazism rapidly grew after the Great Depression in the 1930s. The Nazis blamed the Jews for this major stock market crash. (â€Å"Antisemitism†) The growth of Anti Semitism was the main factor that contributed to Nazi beliefs. Anti semitism is racial prejudice against Jews. It started to grow in 1881. The largest growth was in 1903, after the book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. This caused the formation of many anti semitic gangs, which then proceeded to kill Jews. Antisemitism was soon a popular political party and gained the support of Adolf Hitler. When Adolf Hitler was imprisoned, he wrote his book Mein Kampf. This helped gain many more members for the Anti Semitism party (Sheehan). Many later joined the Nazi Party, eventually the only major political party in Germany (Nazi Regime). 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Educator in a Pastoral Role - 4826 Words

pg. 1 SECTION 1 1.1 Tina is an adolescent. At 11 years old she has not yet developed, nor is she expected to have developed, a strong mental (or physical for that matter) capacity to process all negative and/or traumatic experiences that life has already thrown at her. She is at a very impressionable age. There are various points to keep in mind with respect to her unique situation viz. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. She is very young and vulnerable being 11 years old Her father was not present in her life having walked out when she was 3 years old It is very possible her mother had a slew of relationships with other men whilst she was growing up Tina’s mother is not a rational individual. It is clear her mother’s frustration has boiled over†¦show more content†¦When that force is immediate, of short duration, or infrequent, it is called sexual assault. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or molester. The term also covers any behavior by any adult towards a child to stimulate either the adult or child sexually. When the victim is younger than the age of consent, it is referred to as child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent. In addition to direct sexual contact, child sexual abuse also occurs when an adult engages in indecent exposà © (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child, asks or pressures a child to engage in sexual activities, displays pornography to a child, or uses a child to produce child pornography. Effects of child sexual abuse include guilt and self-blame, flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, fear of things associated with the abuse (including objects, smells, places, doctor s visits, etc.), self-esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pain, addiction, self-injury, suicidal ideation, somatic complaints, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, other mental illnesses (including borderline personality disorder) propensity to re-victimization in adulthood, and physical injury to the child, among other problems. Victims of child sexShow MoreRelatedThe Educator in a Pastoral Role4237 Words   |  17 PagesName: Voxi G atani Module: The Educator in a pastoral role Course Code: EDPHOD8 Assignment 01 Unique Assignment Number: 320619 You as a pastoral educator are therefore concerned about James’s wellbeing and decide to assist him. Provide your plan of action using the following as guidelines: SECTION 1: BACKGROUND James is a Grade 9 learner at a secondary school where a strong Western culture existed before the school had to accommodate a diversity of cultures (White Paper on Education and TrainingRead MoreWheaton Admissions Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesfervent regarding continual development for educators. One’s pursuit of content knowledge and pedagogy assist in maintaining a fresh perspective and development as a professional. More importantly, I am a teaching pastor and have the additional responsibility of serving and shepherding students. In Luke 12:48, Jesus says, â€Å"For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required: and to whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more.† My role as a teacher is to prepare elders andRead MoreThe Religious Education ( Re ) Grades 1-8 Policy Document765 Words   |  4 Pagesto become familiar with their Religion. Within section 1.3 of the document, the Evangelization, culture and the Catholic school addre sses all students, the believers, searchers and non-believers. Therefore a summary of this section of the RE is the role of Catholic school is to renewal the faith within all of the community. It is the teacher duty as evangelical nourishment to start the â€Å"spiritual growth of each person† (p. 4). It highlights how the â€Å"soil of the believer† (p. 4) is identified as essentialRead MoreHow to Creating a Positive Atmosphere in Your Classroom. Introduction5442 Words   |  22 Pageslearning. The attitude of the class depends on the attitudes of the individuals in the classroom, as well as the educator’s attitude. The educators’ role is to use their knowledge, skill and behaviour to create an effective and positive learning environment in their classroom (Coetzee, Van Niekerk, Wydeman, 2008). Coetzee et al (2008) postulate that the educator can develop a positive classroom environment by: distinguishing the features of a classroom as a learning env ironment, discussing stagesRead MoreDrug Abuse Among School Students926 Words   |  4 Pagesis an increasing social phenomenon. This trend has caused widespread concern among parents and educators who feel something should be done to stem the tide of drug abuse. The most popular response to this problem has been to establish some type of Drug Education programs that will inform the youth of the inherent dangers associated with drug consumption. Drug Education can play a counterbalancing role in shaping a normative culture of safety and moderation. How can you fight in schools against drugsRead MoreMentoring And The Goal Of Success Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesfaith leader and to be committed to teaching in light of the Gospels. The role of the faith leader may be divided into tow parts: the spiritual attributes that a person brings to the job through a personal faith experience, and the pastoral competencies to create a prayer environment, develop a sense of community service, witness to the faith, and integrate the Gospel message into the curriculum (Earl, 2008, p. 40). The role of the faith leader also makes it essential that all of those entrustedRead MoreNew Testament Deaconess Phoebe : An Integral Part Of Faith1203 Words   |  5 Pages(3) The modern notion of parish nursing originated with Granger E. Westberg, who is viewed as a pioneer in the arena of health and healing in faith communities. Westberg, a Lutheran clergyman, shattered barriers in the areas of theology, clinical pastoral education and holistic healthcare. His work included him being a parish pastor, hospital chaplain, professor of practical theology and teacher of medical students. (4) Westberg held conferences discussing religion and health at the University ofRead MoreFaith Based Nurse : Review Healthy People 2020885 Words   |  4 Pagesin Chicago where he was also a chaplain. He made the connection between clergies working in Holistic Health Centers and physicians. Parish nursing provides nurses with an opportunity to practice within faith communities. Parish nurses a have a key role in faith communities for both health and ministerial purposes. These individuals provide assessment, evaluation, diagnosis, implementation and planning for all individuals in a parish community (â€Å"What is Faith-Community Nursing?†, n.d). In essenceRead MoreConcept of Critical Care1266 Words   |  6 Pagescritical care nurse is a licensed professional nurse who is responsible for ensuring that acutely and critically ill patients and their families receive optimal care. What do you do? * Critical care nurses fill many roles in the critical care setting, such as staff nurses, nurse-educators, nurse managers, case managers, clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, and nurse researchers. Where do you work? * Critical care nurses work whatever critically ill patients are found, including: Read MoreThe University Of Mississippi Medical Center784 Words   |  4 Pagesmission for this organization is to teach and train the medical professionals of tomorrow and ensure the future of healthcare in Mississippi. The employee structure of this organization include more than 10,000 people to include physicians, nurses, educators, research scientist, and several other professional that are dedicated to improving lives in the state of Mississippi. The effectiveness of this organization to deliver world class medical care for all patients that visit the Medical Center each

Definition of Health for Physical and Spiritual -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDefinition of Health for Physical and Spiritual Factors. Answer: Health and wellbeing is only not confined to the concept of absence of diseases, but a complex combination of mental, physical and spiritual factors. This essay focuses on three definitions of health and the rationale behind the best choice of definition. WHO has defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity (World Health Organization, 2018)." It means that a person in a good health does not only refer to his physical well being or absence of any clinical condition but also depends upon the mental as well as the spiritual well being of the person. As discussed in the Ottawa Charter, health is defined as the extent to which a person or a community is able to comprehend his/her objectives and persuade the needs to adapt with the changes of the environment. The medical model of health considers the body to be a machine, which needs to be fixed if broken. According to this definition, a body with sound health is considered as a machine in good condition (Baum 2016). The ecological definition of health refers it as a state in human and other living organisms which assists them in interacting between themselves, such that they can coexist indefinitely (Sallis, Owen and Fisher 2015). The definition provided by WHO is the right choice of definition as it provides an idea about the definition rightly links the physical health with mental health. It should be noted that poor physical condition leads to poor mental health. There are a large number of determinants that actually influences the health status of a person. Disease is just one of them. Mental satisfaction, self actualization, self reliance and self content provide the base of a good health. It is also the environment and the circumstances that influence an individuals health. References Baum, F., 2016. The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. Sallis, J.F., Owen, N. and Fisher, E., 2015. Ecological models of health behavior. Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice, 5, pp.43-64. World Health Organization. (2018). Constitution of WHO: principles. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/about/mission/en/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2018].

Skoda Auto Essays - Hatchbacks, Subcompact Cars, Station Wagons

Skoda Auto Skoda Auto The story of Skoda is one of struggle and success. Skoda enjoys a century-long history of motor vehicle manufacturing in a small town in the Czech Republic, about sixty kilometers outside the cultural and tourist center of Prague. Despite early achievements, times became much harder during the former socialist era. The physical plant fell into disrepair and quality declined. However, this tale in one of transformation, and Skoda has once again become very successful in a joint venture partnership with the large German manufacturer Volkswagen (Mendenhall and Oddou, 379). At the beginning of 1895 mechanic Vclav Laurin and bookseller Vclav Klement began producing bicycles "Slavia" in Mlada Boleslav.In the next few years, 1899, the firm Laurin Klement decided to manufacture also motorcycles, which leaded to success in many international competitions. After first attempt at the turn of the century the firm started to manufacture cars. In 1905, Laurin Klement introduced their first car, Voiturette A, which became very successful between Czech classical veteran cars. Its production grew so fast that soon L K overstepped the scope of the family business. Skoda 420 Popular In 1907 the founders implemented the business transaction to joint-stock company. In 1920s, the need for merge with stronger industrial partners was expressed that, in 1925, Laurin and Klement merged with Skoda Plzen (Pilsner). In the following years the modernize manufacturing did not only include cars, but also trucks, buses, air engines, and agriculture machinery. In 1930 the car production in the scope of concern was earned many credits. Creation of Joint Company for Automobile Industry (JCAI) after the world industrial crisis leaded for the success on the international market with new models of Skoda, Skoda 422 and 420 Popular. The World War II had broken this development, which damage the civil program and oriented the production of the war equipment. The JCIA Skoda became the part of German concern Hermann-Goring-Werke and fully did have to orient to the war equipment. Besides the preparation of the various parts of guns, Skoda manufactured also different kinds of terrain vehicles, such as heavy tractors and towing vehicles, tanks, etc. Skoda 1101 After World War II the JCIA was changed to Automobile Factory/National Company (AFNC) Skoda. Skoda started to manufacture new models, Skoda 1101/1102 Tudor, which had got along with the technical success of the prewar years. During the 1950s and 1960s, Skoda again introduced new models, Skoda 1200, Spartak, Octavia, Felicia, as well as Skoda 1000MB. New increase of production, more than million of vehicles, was made by introducing Skoda 782 Favorit to the market in 1987 together with Forman 785 and Pickup 787. After the political changes of 1989 in the Czech Republic, Skoda in Mlada Boleslav began seeking in the new condition of market economy strong international partner that could guarantee with its experience and investments long-term international competitiveness of the company. In December of 1990 Czech government decided for the cooperation with German concern Volkswagen. On April 16, 1991, Skoda, joint-venture, began its forth brand concern with among such well-known companies as VW, AUDI and Seat. (Web Skoda) The goal of the venture was to transfer knowledge and expertise to locals from German expatriates on temporary assignment. "Czech and German managers were paired as part of a "tandem system" for the purpose of exchanging "know-how" (Mendenhall and Oddou, 380)." According to a Czech manager, the phase of the know-how transfer is finished sot he number of expatriates is decreasing, and before 1999 should be small group of foreign managers here who are focused on strategic issues. Both Czechs and Germans agree that the effectiveness of the tandem system is related to the personalities of individual managers, and to the level of knowledge possessed by the German expatriate. Thanks to the modernized measures in management marketing, as well as in the manufacturing process, Skoda Favorit was replaced by Skoda Felicia that with its quality and design was appropriate for the international market. Also other preparations were made for second model rows, low middle-class Octavia that was introduced on the Czech market by the end of 1996 and two year after Skoda Octavia-Combi. Favorit Vehicles manufactured by Skoda Auto are currently sold in 64 markets worldwide. "Impressive sales figures underscore the continued success of the Czech subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group." (Web Skoda) Vehicles deliveries set again a new half-year record: the sale of approximately 200,000 vehicles during the first six months of 1999 represents an increase of 10.6 percent over the previous record of 180,342 automobile. Skoda Auto achieved its greatest growth in Western Europe where a total of 101,534 vehicles were sold, 20.2 percent up from the